Safe System Approach
The Safe System approach adopts a holistic view of the road transport system and the interactions between people, vehicles, and the road environment. Safe System principles are described in the diagram below.
The representation of these principles in driver preparation, a critical aspect of the Safe People pillar, is central to the achievement of Vision Zero – a core objective of the road safety strategy in every Australian jurisdiction.
A Safe System led driver preparation framework provides the most effective pathway for intervention in the occurrence of road crash and road trauma. It provides licensing authorities with significant scope to design and implement a wide range of measures to improve the preparedness of drivers and reduce the risk of road trauma.
Examples of Safe System approaches in driver training include professional driver and rider training, mandated periods of learner driver and rider status, hazard perception testing, drug and alcohol testing and the use of alcohol interlock technology, licence restrictions for novice drivers and riders and lower powered motorcycles for novice riders.
Testing Regimes
To obtain a learner driver licence, an applicant is required to pass a knowledge test of basic safe driving requirements (speed, distractions, fatigue, alcohol and drugs, awareness of other road users etc.), local road rules, traffic regulations and key traffic enforcement considerations.
The completion of a hazard perception test is also highly regarded, either as a component of the initial learner driver testing regime or during a novice driver2 period prior to the issuance of an open or unconditional licence3.
The successful completion of a practical on-road driving test or a competency-based knowledge and skills assessment must be undertaken to adequately test the following elements:
Pre-drive check (setting up the car for safe driving – mirrors, signalling, indicators, horn, seatbelt etc.).
Lane changes (changing lanes to right and left and merging of two lanes into one).
Approach (safe approach to intersections and hazards).
Position stop (stopping appropriate distance from vehicles in front, slowing appropriately).
Judgement (perceives hazards and responds appropriately; plans ahead of intended turns; passes other vehicles when appropriate, aware of what is happening in the road and near environment).
Turning manoeuvres (turning corners with and without stopping; following relevant signs and road rules when turning; using roundabouts).
Progress and position on the road (safe and controlled approach to corners, travel at appropriate speed, move with other traffic without impeding the flow of others).
Car control (keeping control of the car when turning, starting from stop on a hill).
Safety margin (keeping a safe distance from other vehicles and road users when moving and passing other vehicles, cycles and motorcycles, pedestrians and workers and first responders on the roadway).
Low speed manoeuvres (reverse parking, angle park, point to point reverse, three-point turn).
The person
must be re-tested if their licence has lapsed or been suspended for a period of five years or more.